机床数控技术（第2版）

定　　价：79.8 元

• 作者：刘军
• 出版时间：2023/7/1
• ISBN：9787121459344
• 出 版 社：电子工业出版社

• 中图法分类：TG659 
• 页码：368
• 版次：01
• 开本：16开

内容简介

本书内容重点突出，力求体现先进性、实用性，系统地介绍了数控机床的基本原理和应用。全书共6章：数控技术概述、计算机数控系统、数控机床的伺服系统、数控加工工艺基础、数控加工程序的编制、数控机床的机械结构，每章均附有思考与练习，便于读者加深对相关知识的理解。全书从数控机床的基本概念入手，重点介绍数控技术所涉及的几个重要方面内容，使读者通过系统的学习，掌握数控机床的基本原理，熟悉数控机床的机械结构和控制知识，熟练应用数控机床的加工工艺和编程方法。 本书既可作为高等院校机械设计制造及其自动化、机械电子工程等专业的本科生教材及机械制造及自动化、机电一体化、数控技术等相关专业的专科生教材使用，也可供数控技术领域的研究人员和工程技术人员学习参考。

作者介绍

长期从事机械制造相关专业课程教学，积累了丰富的教学经验。河南省民办高校品牌学科负责人、郑州市特聘高层次人才、专利审查协作河南中心技术咨询专家

目 录

目 录
第1 章 数控技术概述 ···································································································.1
1.1 机床数控技术的基本概念 ·······················································································.2
1.2 数控机床的组成及工作原理 ····················································································.2
1.2.1 数控机床的组成 ·························································································.2
1.2.2 数控机床的工作原理 ···················································································.5
1.3 数控机床的分类 ···································································································.7
1.3.1 按工艺用途分类 ·························································································.7
1.3.2 按运动轨迹分类 ·······················································································.10
1.3.3 按伺服控制分类 ························································································.11
1.3.4 按功能水平分类 ·······················································································.13
1.3.5 按联动轴数分类 ·······················································································.14
1.4 数控机床的特点及应用范围 ··················································································.17
1.4.1 数控机床的特点 ·······················································································.17
1.4.2 数控机床的应用范围 ·················································································.18
1.5 数控机床的发展概况与发展趋势 ············································································.18
1.5.1 数控机床的发展概况 ·················································································.18
1.5.2 数控机床的发展趋势 ·················································································.20
思考与练习 ··············································································································.28
第2 章 计算机数控系统 ·····························································································.29
2.1 概述 ················································································································.30
2.1.1 CNC 系统的组成 ······················································································.30
2.1.2 CNC 系统的功能 ······················································································.30
2.1.3 CNC 系统的一般工作过程 ··········································································.33
2.2 CNC 系统的硬件结构 ··························································································.35
2.2.1 单CPU 结构CNC 系统 ··············································································.35
2.2.2 多CPU 结构CNC 系统 ··············································································.37
2.3 CNC 系统的软件结构 ··························································································.38
2.3.1 CNC 系统的软/硬件功能界面 ······································································.38
2.3.2 CNC 系统的软件结构特点 ··········································································.39
2.3.3 CNC 系统的软件结构模式 ··········································································.42
2.4 可编程控制器 ····································································································.43
2.4.1 概述 ······································································································.43
2.4.2 PLC 在数控机床上的应用 ···········································································.48
2.5 插 补 ··········································································································.56
2.5.1 插补的定义 ·····························································································.56
2.5.2 对插补器的基本要求 ·················································································.56
2.5.3 插补方法的分类 ·······················································································.57
2.5.4 主要的插补方法 ·······················································································.58
2.6 刀具半径补偿 ····································································································.80
2.6.1 刀具半径补偿的基本概念 ···········································································.80
2.6.2 刀具半径补偿的基本原理 ···········································································.81
2.6.3 B 功能刀具半径补偿 ·················································································.81
2.6.4 C 功能刀具半径补偿 ·················································································.81
思考与练习 ··············································································································.84
第3 章 数控机床的伺服系统 ······················································································.85
3.1 概述 ················································································································.85
3.1.1 伺服系统的相关概念 ·················································································.85
3.1.2 数控机床对伺服系统的要求 ········································································.86
3.1.3 伺服系统的分类 ·······················································································.88
3.2 主轴驱动系统 ····································································································.91
3.2.1 基本要求 ································································································.91
3.2.2 工作原理 ································································································.92
3.2.3 主轴分段无级变速 ····················································································.94
3.2.4 主轴准停 ································································································.96
3.3 步进电动机 ······································································································.100
3.3.1 步进电动机组成、工作原理、工作方式、特点和类型 ······································.100
3.3.2 步进电动机的主要性能指标及其选择原则 ·····················································.104
3.3.3 步进电动机的控制电路 ·············································································.106
3.4 直流伺服电动机 ································································································.108
3.4.1 直流伺服电动机的工作原理、类型、特点及工作特性 ······································.108
3.4.2 直流伺服电动机的速度控制方法 ·································································.113
3.5 交流伺服电动机 ································································································.117
3.5.1 交流伺服电动机的分类及特点 ····································································.118
3.5.2 交流伺服电动机的结构及工作原理 ······························································.118
3.5.3 交流伺服电动机的主要特性参数 ·································································.121
3.5.4 交流同步伺服电动机的调速方法 ·································································.121
3.6 直线电动机传动 ································································································.121
3.6.1 直线电动机的工作原理 ·············································································.122
3.6.2 直线电动机的结构形式 ·············································································.122
3.6.3 直线电动机驱动系统的特点 ·······································································.123
3.7 位置检测装置 ···································································································.123
3.7.1 概述 ·····································································································.123
3.7.2 常用的位置检测装置 ················································································.125
思考与练习 ·············································································································.137
第4 章 数控加工工艺基础 ·························································································.139
4.1 数控加工工艺概述 ·····························································································.139
4.1.1 数控加工工艺的特点 ················································································.139
4.1.2 数控加工工艺的内容 ················································································.140
4.2 数控加工内容的确定 ··························································································.141
4.2.1 适用数控加工的内容 ················································································.141
4.2.2 不适用数控加工的内容 ·············································································.141
4.3 数控加工零件的工艺性分析 ·················································································.141
4.3.1 数控加工零件的图样分析 ··········································································.142
4.3.2 数控加工零件的结构工艺性分析 ·································································.143
4.4 数控加工工艺路线的设计 ····················································································.145
4.4.1 加工方法与加工方案的确定 ·······································································.146
4.4.2 工序的划分 ····························································································.150
4.4.3 工步的划分 ····························································································.152
4.4.4 加工顺序的安排 ······················································································.153
4.4.5 数控加工工序与普通工序的衔接 ·································································.154
4.5 数控加工工序的设计 ··························································································.154
4.5.1 走刀路线的确定 ······················································································.154
4.5.2 零件的定位与安装 ···················································································.164
4.5.3 数控加工刀具与工具系统 ··········································································.169
4.5.4 对刀点、刀位点与换刀点的确定 ·································································.181
4.5.5 切削用量的确定 ······················································································.184
4.6 数控加工工艺文件的编制 ····················································································.189
4.6.1 工艺卡 ··································································································.189
4.6.2 工序卡 ··································································································.189
4.6.3 刀具卡 ··································································································.190
4.6.4 走刀路线图 ····························································································.190
4.6.5 程序单 ··································································································.191
4.7 典型零件的数控加工工艺性分析 ···········································································.192
4.7.1 轴类零件的数控车削加工工艺性分析 ···························································.192
4.7.2 盖板零件数控铣削加工工艺性分析 ······························································.194
思考与练习 ·············································································································.199
第5 章 数控加工程序的编制 ·····················································································.202
5.1 概述 ···············································································································.202
5.2 数控编程基础 ···································································································.204
5.2.1 数控编程的方法 ······················································································.204
5.2.2 数控机床坐标系 ······················································································.205
5.2.3 加工程序结构与格式 ················································································.208
5.2.4 程序编制中的数值计算 ·············································································.209
5.3 数控铣削加工程序的编制 ····················································································.210
5.3.1 数控铣床和加工中心的编程特点 ·································································.210
5.3.2 数控铣床及加工中心坐标系的确定 ······························································.211
5.3.3 数控铣床和加工中心常用代码 ····································································.212
5.3.4 刀具补偿功能 ·························································································.223
5.3.5 子程序编程 ····························································································.227
5.3.6 孔加工固定循环指令代码 ··········································································.230
5.3.7 数控铣床及加工中心编程实例 ····································································.238
5.4 数控车削加工程序的编制 ····················································································.245
5.4.1 编程特点 ·······························································································.245
5.4.2 坐标系的确定 ·························································································.246
5.4.3 数控车床常用的功能指令代码 ····································································.248
5.4.4 车削固定循环指令代码 ·············································································.255
5.4.5 螺纹加工指令代码 ···················································································.266
5.4.6 刀具补偿功能 ·························································································.275
5.4.7 子程序 ··································································································.281
5.4.8 数控车削加工编程实例 ·············································································.284
思考与练习 ·············································································································.287
第6 章 数控机床的机械结构 ·····················································································.290
6.1 概述 ···············································································································.290
6.1.1 数控机床机械结构的组成 ··········································································.290
6.1.2 数控机床机械结构的主要特点 ····································································.292
6.1.3 数控机床对机械结构的要求 ·······································································.293
6.2 数控机床整体布局 ·····························································································.295
6.2.1 数控车床的布局 ······················································································.295
6.2.2 数控铣床的布局 ······················································································.297
6.2.3 加工中心的布局 ······················································································.298
6.3 数控机床的主传动系统 ·······················································································.301
6.3.1 数控机床对主传动系统的要求 ····································································.301
6.3.2 主传动系统的传动方式 ·············································································.302
6.3.3 主轴部件 ·······························································································.306
6.3.4 主轴润滑与密封 ······················································································.316
6.4 数控机床的进给系统 ··························································································.318
6.4.1 对数控机床进给系统的要求 ·······································································.319
6.4.2 数控机床进给系统的形式 ··········································································.320
6.4.3 滚珠丝杠副 ····························································································.320
6.4.4 齿轮传动副间隙的调整 ·············································································.327
6.5 数控机床的导轨 ································································································.329
6.5.1 数控机床对导轨的要求 ·············································································.330
6.5.2 数控机床导轨形状和组合形式 ····································································.330
6.5.3 数控机床常用的导轨 ················································································.332
6.5.4 导轨的润滑与防护 ···················································································.336
6.6 数控机床的自动换刀装置 ····················································································.338
6.6.1 数控车床的自动换刀装置 ··········································································.338
6.6.2 加工中心自动换刀装置 ·············································································.341
6.7 数控机床的回转工作台 ·······················································································.350
6.7.1 分度工作台 ····························································································.350
6.7.2 数控回转工作台 ······················································································.353
思考与练习 ·············································································································.355
参考文献 ·····················································································································.357