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美国文学简史与选读
李正栓主编的《美国文学简史与选读》是高等院 校英语专业美国文学教材,内容包括美国文学简史、 美国名家简介及作品选读。全书按体裁划分为诗歌、 小说、戏剧和散文四大部分,每部分下面又按不同历 史时期的代表作家进行编排,具体到每章,都包含作 家生平及作品介绍、简要评论、作品选读、注释、作 品赏析和思考题等几大板块。
本书的读者对象为英语类专业高年级学生、备考 研究生的学生,以及渴望通过阅读文学作品学习英语 语言和提高文学素养的读者。
近几十年来,我国的高等教育发展迅猛,英语专业的发展也势如破竹。绝大多
数大学都设有英语专业。与此同时,与英语有关的,或者说,脱胎于英语专业而另 图发展、更直接为社会经济发展服务的翻译专业(方向)和商务英语专业(方向) 也发展得如火如荼。 近年来,相关部门和专家对专业建设和课程建设进行了调查,发现一些学校的 英语专业建立和英语专业建设之间仍存在差距。一些地方没有完全按教育部英语专 业教学大纲规定开设一些专业知识必修课,如语言学和英美文学。有些地方削减文 学必修课的课时,简化课程。一些人认为,美国历史太短,美国文学课程没有必要 作为重点。有些地方干脆不开这些课程。实际上,这一切现象都暴露出英美文学师 资短缺这一客观情况,师资短缺严重影响了课程建设和专业建设。 英美文学教学历来是我国英语专业教学的重要组成部分。我国老一辈英语专家 们都是通过阅读文学原著学到了优秀的语言,都是在中西文学王国自由徜徉的学者, 所以他们中间大师层出不穷。今天,我们追逐前辈之伟大恐极为不易,但应有的文 学知识,我们还是应当掌握。这是培养合格外语人才和建设者所必需的,因为文学 作品体现了人类最美好的语言,展现了丰富多彩的世界,蕴含了深厚的人文素养。 这也是英语专业教学大纲中要求的重要板块。 可喜的是,越来越多的专家学者和英语专业的掌门人已充分认识到英美文学课 的重要性,呼吁并正在实现着英语专业建设中传统课程的回归。我们充分并欣喜地 注意到,翻译专业和商务英语两个新建专业都把英美文学课程列入其中。这说明, 无论英语专业、翻译专业,还是商务英语专业,都意识到在培养合格专业人才中文 学所起到的基础作用和重要功能。 近年来,美国文学教材建设也取得巨大成就,成果很多。美国文学教材异彩纷 呈,为学生们学习美国文学提供了丰富的菜单和自由的选择。然而由于学时有限, 各地办学条件不一,学生家境不同,经济承受能力有别,要求学生大量采购和阅读 美国文学原版图书与多种教材是不现实的。因此,我们决定推出这一版本的教材, 前 言 ii 美国文学简史与选读 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings 旨在让学生们在有限的学时内和经济能力能承受的情况下完成美国文学的学习。我 们把文学史、作品选读和文学知识纳入同一本书。文学史和作家生平介绍部分文字 浅显,易读易懂,学生可以自己读,教师辅以适当讲解。教师应当重点讲解作品部 分。本书所选作品多于教学学时所要求的数量。教师可以从众多作品中挑选自己认 为最应该让学生重点掌握的进行讲解,同时还要讲授文学的学习方法。学生可以在 学有余力时自己多读一些本书所选作品,一般情况下,学生无须另外买书即可完成 美国文学课程的学习。 根据这一指导思想,我们决定本书的编写体例是:全书分四部分,分别是诗歌、 小说、戏剧和散文。每种体裁均有发展脉络概述(即简史)。每部分下面又按不同 历史时期的代表作家进行编排,具体到每一章,都包含作家生平及作品介绍(Life story and works)、作家评论(Comments)、选文(Selected poems/novels/essays)、 注释(Notes)、选文赏析(Appreciation)和思考题(For study and discussion)等 板块,诗歌部分的选文均提供中译版本供参考。这样一种体例能够使学生通过注释、 教师讲解和译文等更好地学习作品;对教师不能讲解的作品,注释和译文更加有用。 同一作家根据其作品分类出现在不同体裁部分,讲解侧重点不一样。本书按历史时 期划分,不以作品流派划分。 作家生平及作品介绍(Life story and works) 对作家生平及作品作简要介绍, 并对未列入选文的经典作品进行提及性介绍。 作家评论(Comments) 对作家的写作风格、文学地位等进行简要评述,或提 供评论家或同行间的权威评价。 选文(Selected poems/novels/essays) 指列入本书的经典选文,对较长的选文 进行了删节。 注释(Notes) 对选文中难以理解或易产生误解的词、句进行解释,或简述某 些词句的背景知识、文学典故等。 选文赏析(Appreciation) 包括选文的内容概述、遣词分析、写作特点、文学 地位及影响等。 思考题(For study and discussion) 课后思考题及小组讨论,问题多以开放性 的思考题为主,且不局限于选文。 本书集诗歌、小说、戏剧和散文为一书,但授课教师未必是同一教师,可以分 成几个时段由不同教师共同承担此课程的教学任务,各自发挥自己的特长。此建议 iii 前言 仅供参考。本书选入作品较多,因为这些作品都很优秀,不选太遗憾;有些作品学 生可以自学,遇到问题可以向教师请教,也可以上网或去图书馆查找译文、评论或 赏析。 本书有以下创新之处: 1. 除对经典作家及作品进行介绍之外,还选了更多的作家及其作品。弥补了学 生仅闻某作家其名,却未读过其作品的遗憾,并且对所有的选段进行了注释和赏析, 列了一些课后开放性思考题,有助于学生课上学习及课下独立阅读。 2. 针对部分学生无法将某些作家的英汉名字对应起来的问题,本书将每位作家 的汉语名称一一标出。 3. 本书充分采用了学界最新的研究成果和一些新观点,诸如流派划分等问题, 还充分利用现代叙事学理论加强小说部分的选材、注释和思考题的设计。小说的节 选最大限度地体现不同时期、不同作家的写作风格,体现了小说叙事技巧的脉络流 变,以期提供多样的叙事审美体验。 4. 本书吸收了许多知识、术语讲解和文学批评常识。 5. 本书吸收了一些现代教学理论和教学方法。如书中内容有一些应该是以任务 形式留给学生去读,有一些教师应重点讲解,有一些应该在课堂上加强互动,有一 些应该是学生课下掌握。倡导学生拓宽比较视野,包括同一国家不同作家间的比较, 也倡导广大师生在使用本书时加强英美作家与中国作家和其他国家作家的比较与分 析。 清华大学出版社外语分社对英语专业教材建设极为重视,郝建华社长多次提出 编写建议;刘细珍主任不仅狠抓图书质量,还为学生购买力着想,可敬可佩。在本 书编写过程中,我们参考过网上一些资料和一些学者的同类书籍以及一些学术观点, 在此一并致谢。 由于水平和学识有限,纰漏之处在所难免,敬请指出,以便改正。 编者 2015 年6 月
Part 1 American Poetry of the Colonial Period:
The Poetry of Elizabethan Initiative, Ingenuity, and Democracy Chapter 1 Anne Bradstreet .6 To My Dear and Loving Husband ................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 Philip Freneau .10 The Wild Honey Suckle .................................................................................................... 11 The Indian Burying Ground ............................................................................................ 14 Part 2 American Poetry of Romantic Period: The Witness of Growth, Independence and Originality Chapter 1 William Cullen Bryant .20 To a Waterfowl .....................................................................................................................22 Chapter 2 Edgar Allan Poe .26 To Helen ...............................................................................................................................28 Annabel Lee ......................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow .36 A Psalm of Life ....................................................................................................................38 The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls ........................................................................................43 Chapter 4 Walt Whitman .45 O Captain! My Captain! ................................................................................................... 47 Cavalry Crossing a Ford .................................................................................................... 51 I Hear America Singing ....................................................................................................52 Contents vi 美国文学简史与选读 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Chapter 5 Emily Elizabeth Dickinson .54 Success ..................................................................................................................................56 Wild Nights—Wild Nights .................................................................................................58 I Died for Beauty .................................................................................................................60 I Heard a Fly buzz—When I died— ................................................................................. 61 Because I Could Not Stop for Death .............................................................................64 Part 3 American Poetry of the Modernist Period: The Search for Impersonality, Objectivity and Distillation Chapter 1 Edwin Arlington Robinson .68 Richard Cory .......................................................................................................................69 Chapter 2 Robert Frost .72 The Road Not Taken .........................................................................................................73 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ...................................................................... 76 Fire and Ice ...........................................................................................................................78 Chapter 3 Stephen Crane .80 Black Riders Came from the Sea .................................................................................... 81 A Man Said to the Universe .............................................................................................83 Chapter 4 Carl Sandburg .84 Fog .........................................................................................................................................85 Grass .....................................................................................................................................87 Chapter 5 Wallace Stevens .89 Anecdote of the Jar .............................................................................................................90 The Snow Man ....................................................................................................................92 Chapter 6 William Carlos Williams .94 The Red Wheelbarrow ......................................................................................................96 Chapter 7 Ezra Pound .97 In a Station of the Metro ...................................................................................................99 A Pact .................................................................................................................................. 101 Chapter 8 Hilda Doolittle .103 Oread ..................................................................................................................................104 Helen ...................................................................................................................................105 Chapter 9 Edward Estlin Cummings .108 L(a ........................................................................................................................................109 vii Contents Part 4 American Poetry of Contemporary Times: The Disruption of Authority; the Coming of All-embracing Chapter 1 James Mercer Langston Hughes .112 The Negro Speaks of Rivers........................................................................................... 113 Dreams ............................................................................................................................... 115 Words like Freedom ......................................................................................................... 116 Warning ............................................................................................................................... 118 Chapter 2 Theodore Huebner Roethke .119 My Papa’s Waltz ................................................................................................................120 Chapter 3 Elizabeth Bishop .122 Fish ..............................................................................................................................124 Chapter 4 The Confessional School: Robert Lowell.129 Skunk Hour ........................................................................................................................ 131 Chapter 5 The Beat School: Allen Ginsberg .135 Novel Part 1 American Novel of Romanticism Period: The Concern for Humanitarian Reforms and National Morality Chapter 1 Washington Irving .141 Rip Van Winkle .................................................................................................................143 Chapter 2 James Fenimore Cooper .158 The Last of the Mohicans ...............................................................................................160 Chapter 3 Edgar Allan Poe .173 The Fall of the House of Usher ......................................................................................175 Chapter 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne .193 Scarlet Letter ......................................................................................................................195 Chapter 5 Herman Melville .204 Moby Dick ..........................................................................................................................206 viii 美国文学简史与选读 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Part 2 American Novel of Realism Period: The Rendering of the Ordinary, Commonplace and the Low Chapter 1 Mark Twain.216 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn .......................................................................... 219 Chapter 2 Henry James .229 The Portrait of a Lady .....................................................................................................231 Part 3 American Novel of Naturalism Period: Dismissing the Validity of Comforting Moral Truths and Presenting the Extreme Life Chapter 1 Stephen Crane .246 The Open Boat ..................................................................................................................248 Chapter 2 Theodore Dreiser CChhaapptteerr 34 FSSihrsateenrrwk C Noaroordire r A.i..sn.. ...d.....e......r....s... ..o.......n......... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................222.256651123 Winesburg, Ohio ...............................................................................................................264 Chapter 5 Jack London .273 The Call of the Wild.........................................................................................................275 Part 4 American Novel of Modernism Period: The Experience of Horrors and the Lost in Faith CChhaapptteerr 12 SWinilclala Cira Ltheewri .s.......................................................................................................................................................................................................229913 Babbitt ................................................................................................................................295 Chapter 3 Francis Scott Fitzgerald .304 The Great Gatsby .............................................................................................................306 Chapter 4 William Faulkner.322 The Sound and the Fury .................................................................................................325 ix Contents Chapter 5 Ernest Hemingway .339 The Sun Also Rises ..........................................................................................................342 Chapter 6 John Ernst Steinbeck .346 The Grapes of Wrath .......................................................................................................348 Part 5 American Novel Since 1945: CChhaapptteerr 12 SVTalhaudel iB mNeilorlo rNwma .b.a.o.l.k.i.o.z.va....t....i..o........n...... ....o......f.... ..C........h......a........o......s...... ..a......n........d...... ....A......b........s....u........r....d........i..t....y........................................336613 Herzog ................................................................................................................................365 Chapter 3 Jerome David Salinger .389 The Cather in the Rye .....................................................................................................391 Chapter 4 Jack Kerouac .399 On the Road .......................................................................................................................401 CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 56789 JFTKKolhueahnornnt mnK VUeeaoprssnyde Pn yiOkye .’eng.C. cu..o....ht..n.. o......n...o...........r........ ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................444440001103468 Part 6 American Multiethnic Novel Since 1945: Boiling of the Melting Pot CChhaapptteerr 12 RRaiclhpahr Edl lWisroing h.t...................................................................................................................................................................................................441179 Invisible Man .....................................................................................................................421 CChhaapptteerr 34 TAolenxi HMaolreryi s.o.n.......................................................................................................................................................................................................443368 The Bluest Eye ..................................................................................................................440 x 美国文学简史与选读 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Chapter 5 Maxine Hong Kingston .442 The Woman Warrior ........................................................................................................444 Chapter 6 Alice Walker .447 Drama American Drama: CCCChhhhaaaaTppppttttheeeeerrrr 1234C riETEAtudhrictwgohaemaunlrra edP sA G FeLslrhaaranecdnriseke tMprloi nnWtili elAoei lOlrnlbi .’.aNe .om.ee. f.isI.l .I ltII. ..I h......I... ....e............ C................h............a............n................g............i........n............g................ ....S............o................c............i....e............t............y............ ....a............n................d............ ........L............i....f........e........444455552356 Essay American Essay: The Recording of Truth and Times Chapter 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson .463 Nature .................................................................................................................................464 Chapter 2 Henry David Thoreau .467 Walden ................................................................................................................................468 参考文献 .482
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